อ้างอิง ของ Homo erectus

  1. ↑ "Understanding Human" (PDF). August 2012. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2014-09-04. |chapter= ignored (help)
  2. 1 2 Hazarika, Manji (16–30 June 2007). "Homo erectus/ergaster and Out of Africa: Recent Developments in Paleoanthropology and Prehistoric Archaeology" (PDF).
  3. ↑ Chauhan, Parth R. (2003) "Distribution of Acheulian sites in the Siwalik region" in An Overview of the Siwalik Acheulian & Reconsidering Its Chronological Relationship with the Soanian - A Theoretical Perspective. assemblage.group.shef.ac.uk
  4. ↑ Klein, R (1999). The Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226439631.
  5. ↑ Antón, S. C. (2003). "Natural history of Homo erectus". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 122: 126–170. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10399. By the 1980s, the growing numbers of H. erectus specimens, particularly in Africa, led to the realization that Asian H. erectus (H. erectus sensu stricto), once thought so primitive, was in fact more derived than its African counterparts. These morphological differences were interpreted by some as evidence that more than one species might be included in H. erectus sensu lato (e.g., Stringer, 1984; Andrews, 1984; Tattersall, 1986; Wood, 1984, 1991a, b; Schwartz and Tattersall, 2000) ... Unlike the European lineage, in my opinion, the taxonomic issues surrounding Asian vs. African H. erectus are more intractable. The issue was most pointedly addressed with the naming of H. ergaster on the basis of the type mandible KNM-ER 992, but also including the partial skeleton and isolated teeth of KNM-ER 803 among other Koobi Fora remains (Groves and Mazak, 1975). Recently, this specific name was applied to most early African and Georgian H. erectus in recognition of the less-derived nature of these remains vis à vis conditions in Asian H. erectus (see Wood, 1991a, p. 268; Gabunia et al., 2000a). It should be noted, however, that at least portions of the paratype of H. ergaster (e.g., KNM-ER 1805) are not included in most current conceptions of that taxon. The H. ergaster question remains famously unresolved (e.g., Stringer, 1984; Tattersall, 1986; Wood, 1991a, 1994; Rightmire, 1998b; Gabunia et al., 2000a; Schwartz and Tattersall, 2000), in no small part because the original diagnosis provided no comparison with the Asian fossil record
  6. ↑ doi:10.1537/ase.061203
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  7. ↑ "Skull suggests three early human species were one". Nature News. 2013-10-17. doi:10.1038/nature.2013.13972. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2015-02-23.
  8. 1 2 Lordkipanidze, David; Ponce de Leòn, Marcia S.; Margvelashvili, Ann; Rak, Yoel; Rightmire, G. Philip; Vekua, Abesalom; Zollikofer, Christoph P. E. (2013-10-18). "A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo". Science. 342 (6156): 326–331. doi:10.1126/science.1238484.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Switek, Brian (2013-10-17). "Beautiful Skull Spurs Debate on Human History". National Geographic. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2014-09-22.
  10. ↑ Frazier, Kendrick (Nov–Dec 2006). "Leakey Fights Church Campaign to Downgrade Kenya Museum's Human Fossils". Skeptical Inquirer magazine. 30 (6). Archived from the original on 2009-01-10.
  11. ↑ Prins, Harald E. L.; Walrath, Dana ; McBride, Bunny (2007). Evolution and prehistory: the human challenge. Wadsworth Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-495-38190-7.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ Ferring, R.; Oms, O.; Agusti, J.; Berna, F.; Nioradze, M.; Shelia, T.; Tappen, M.; Vekua, A.; Zhvania, D.; Lordkipanidze, D. (2011). "Earliest human occupations at Dmanisi (Georgian Caucasus) dated to 1.85-1.78 Ma". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (26): 10432. doi:10.1073/pnas.1106638108.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ↑ "New discovery suggests Homo erectus originated from Asia". Dnaindia.com. 2011-06-08.
  14. ↑ Darwin, Charles R. (1871). The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex. John Murray. ISBN 0-8014-2085-7.
  15. ↑ Spoor F, Leakey MG, Gathogo PN; และคณะ (Aug 2007). "Implications of new early Homo fossils from Ileret, east of Lake Turkana, Kenya". Nature. 448 (7154): 688–91. doi:10.1038/nature05986. PMID 17687323.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ↑ ROBINSON JT (Jan 1953). "The nature of Telanthropus capensis". Nature. 171 (4340): 33. doi:10.1038/171033a0. PMID 13025468.
  17. ↑ Frederick E. Grine; John G. Fleagle; Richard E. Leakey (2009-06-01). "Chapter 2: Homo habilis—A Premature Discovery: Remember by One of Its Founding Fathers, 42 Years Later". The First Humans: Origin and Early Evolution of the Genus Homo. Springer. p. 7.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. 1 2 Kalb, Jon E (2001). Adventures in the Bone Trade: The Race to Discover Human Ancestors in Ethiopia's Afar Depression. Springer. p. 76. ISBN 0-387-98742-8. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-12-02.
  19. ↑ Wood, Bernard (2002-07-11). "Palaeoanthropology: Hominid revelations from Chad" (PDF). Nature. 418 (6894): 133–135. doi:10.1038/418133a. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-17. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2010-12-02.
  20. ↑ Cornevin, Robert (1967). Histoire de l'Afrique. Payotte. p. 440. ISBN 2-228-11470-7.
  21. ↑ "Mikko's Phylogeny Archive". Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki. Archived from the original on 2007-01-06.
  22. ↑ Vekua, A; Lordkipanidze, D; Rightmire, GP; Agusti, J; Ferring, R; Maisuradze, G; Mouskhelishvili , A; Nioradze, M; De Leon, MP; Tappen, M; Tvalchrelidze, M; Zollikofer, C (2002). "A new skull of early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia". Science. 297 (5578): 85–9. doi:10.1126/science.1072953. PMID 12098694.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  23. 1 2 doi:10.1038/nature06134
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  24. ↑ PMID 15815618 (PubMed)
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  25. ↑ Augusti, Jordi; Lordkipanidze, David (June 2011). "How "African" was the early human dispersal out of Africa?". Quaternary Science Reviews. 30 (11–12): 1338–1342. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.012.
  26. ↑ Gibbons, A. (2003). "A Shrunken Head for African Homo erectus" (PDF). Science. 300 (5621): 893a. doi:10.1126/science.300.5621.893a.
  27. ↑ doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100202
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  28. ↑ PMID 16271745 (PubMed)
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  29. ↑ PMID 10807567 (PubMed)
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  30. ↑ Wilford, John Noble (2007-09-19). "New Fossils Offer Glimpse of Human Ancestors". เดอะนิวยอร์กไทมส์. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2009-09-09.
  31. ↑ Rightmire, G. Philip; Van Arsdale, Adam P.; Lordkipanidze, David (2008). "Variation in the mandibles from Dmanisi, Georgia". Journal of Human Evolution. 54 (6): 904–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.02.003. PMID 18394678.
  32. ↑ Sample, Ian (2013-10-17). "Skull of Homo erectus throws story of human evolution into disarray". The Guardian.
  33. ↑ Weidenreich, F. (1943). "The "Neanderthal Man" and the ancestors of "Homo Sapiens"". American Anthropologist. 45: 39–48. doi:10.1525/aa.1943.45.1.02a00040. JSTOR 662864.
  34. ↑ Jelinek, J. (1978). "Homo erectus or Homo sapiens?". Rec. Adv. Primatol. 3: 419–429.
  35. ↑ Wolpoff, M.H. (1984). "Evolution of Homo erectus: The question of stasis". Palaeobiology. 10 (4): 389–406. JSTOR 2400612.
  36. ↑ Frayer, D.W., Wolpoff, M.H.; Thorne, A.G.; Smith, F.H. and Pope, G.G. (1993). "Theories of modern human origins: The paleontological test". American Anthropologist. 95: 14–50. doi:10.1525/aa.1993.95.1.02a00020. JSTOR 681178.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. ↑ Tattersall, Ian and Jeffrey Schwartz (2001). Extinct Humans. Boulder, Colorado: Westview/Perseus. ISBN 0-8133-3482-9.
  38. 1 2 Swisher, Carl Celso III; Curtis, Garniss H. and Lewin, Roger (2002) Java Man, Abacus, ISBN 0-349-11473-0.
  39. ↑ Bryson, Bill (2005). A Short History of Nearly Everything: Special Illustrated Edition. Toronto: Doubleday Canada. ISBN 0-385-66198-3.
  40. ↑ Khanna, Dev Raj (2004). Human Evolution. Discovery Publishing House. p. 195. ISBN 978-8171417759. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2013-03-30. African H. erectus, with a mean stature of 170 cm, would be in the tallest 17 percent of modern populations, even if we make comparisons only with males
  41. ↑ Roylance, Frank D. Roylance (1994-02-06). "A Kid Tall For His Age". Baltimore Sun. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2013-03-30. Clearly this population of early people were tall, and fit. Their long bones were very strong. We believe their activity level was much higher than we can imagine today. We can hardly find Olympic athletes with the stature of these people
  42. ↑ Beck, Roger B.; Black, Linda; Krieger, Larry S.; Naylor, Phillip C. and Shabaka, Dahia Ibo (1999). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell. ISBN 0-395-87274-X.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  43. ↑ "Humans Shaped Stone Axes 1.8 Million Years Ago, Study Says". The Earth Institute. Columbia University. 2011-09-01. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-01-05.
  44. ↑ Gibbons, Ann (1998-03-13). "Paleoanthropology: Ancient Island Tools Suggest Homo erectus Was a Seafarer". Science. 279 (5357): 1635–1637. doi:10.1126/science.279.5357.1635.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 James, Steven R. (Feb 1989). "Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene: A Review of the Evidence" (PDF). Current Anthropology. University of Chicago Press. 30 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1086/203705. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-04-04.
  46. ↑ Rincon, Paul (2004-04-29). "Early human fire skills revealed". บรรษัทแพร่ภาพกระจายเสียงอังกฤษ. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2007-11-12.
  47. ↑ Pringle, Heather (2012-04-02), "Quest for Fire Began Earlier Than Thought", ScienceNOW, American Association for the Advancement of Science, สืบค้นเมื่อ 2012-04-04
  48. ↑ Miller, Kenneth (2013-12-07). "Archaeologists Find Earliest Evidence of Humans Cooking With Fire". Discover Magazine.
  49. ↑ Wrangham, Richard (2009). Catching Fire. Basic Books.
  50. ↑ Zihlman, Adrienne; Tanner, Nancy (1972). "Gathering and the Hominid Adaptation". In Tiger, Lionel; Fowler, Heather T. Female Hierarchies. Beresford Book Service. pp. 220–229.CS1 maint: Multiple names: editors list (link)
  51. ↑ Fedigan, Marie, Linda (1986). "The Changing Role of Women in Models of Human Evolution". Annual Review of Anthropology. 15: 25–66. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.15.100186.000325.
  52. ↑ Ruhlen, Merritt (1994). The origin of language: tracing the evolution of the mother tongue. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-58426-6.
  53. ↑ Bower, Bruce (2006-05-03). "Evolutionary back story: Thoroughly modern spine supported human ancestor". Science News. 169 (18): 275–276. doi:10.2307/4019325.
  54. ↑ Richard Leakey (1992). Origins Reconsidered. Anchor. pp. 257–258. ISBN 0-385-41264-9.
  55. ↑ Boehm, Christopher (1999). Hierarchy in the forest: the evolution of egalitarian behavior. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 198. ISBN 0-674-39031-8.
  56. ↑ Owen, James (2006-10-30). "Neanderthals, Modern Humans Interbred, Bone Study Suggests". National Geographic News. สืบค้นเมื่อ 2008-01-14.
  57. ↑ Whitfield, John (2008-02-18). "Lovers not fighters". Scientific American.
  58. ↑ "Finding showing human ancestor older than previously thought offers new insights into evolution". Terra Daily - News About Planet Earth. 2011-07-05.
  59. ↑ Delson E, Harvati K, Reddy D; และคณะ (Apr 2001). "The Sambungmacan 3 Homo erectus calvaria: a comparative morphometric and morphological analysis". The Anatomical Record. 262 (4): 380–97. doi:10.1002/ar.1048. PMID 11275970.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  60. ↑ Ciochon R, Long VT, Larick R; และคณะ (Apr 1996). "Dated co-occurrence of Homo erectus and Gigantopithecus from Tham Khuyen Cave, Vietnam". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (7): 3016–20. PMC 39753. PMID 8610161.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
  61. ↑ "New Skull from Eritrea". Archaeological Institute of America. September–October 1998.
  62. ↑ Kappelman J, Alçiçek MC, Kazanci N, Schultz M, Ozkul M, Sen S (Jan 2008). "First Homo erectus from Turkey and implications for migrations into temperate Eurasia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 135 (1): 110–6. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20739. PMID 18067194.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

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